UnlockSec

Sample Assessment Report

Redacted for confidentiality

Q1 2025

Ransomware Resiliency

Ransomware Preparedness Assessment

Client

Confidential Client — Healthcare Provider

Scope

300-endpoint Windows environment, Veeam backup infrastructure, VMware vSphere (85 VMs), incident response process, ransomware response playbook

Duration

6 business days

Standard

CISA Ransomware Guide

Executive Summary

UnlockSec conducted a ransomware resiliency assessment simulating a modern double-extortion ransomware attack. The simulation successfully achieved domain compromise, identified backup infrastructure accessible from domain-joined systems, and determined that full restoration from backup would take 14 days — significantly exceeding the organisation's 4-day RTO. Critical gaps include backup exposure, absent segmentation, and no tested IR playbook.

Methodology

CISA Ransomware GuideNIST CSFHHS HC3 Ransomware GuidanceMITRE ATT&CK Ransomware Techniques

Sample Findings

RAN-001

Backup Infrastructure — Domain-Accessible Veeam Credentials

Critical

Description

The Veeam Backup & Replication server is domain-joined and accessible from all workstation subnets. The Veeam service account has backup administrator privileges and its credentials are stored in LSA secrets, retrievable via Mimikatz. A ransomware operator with domain admin access can delete all backup jobs and snapshots before detonating.

Recommendation

Implement immutable backups using Veeam's hardened Linux repository with one-time credentials. Air-gap at least one backup copy (offline tape or isolated cloud storage). Remove the Veeam server from the domain and use local accounts only.

RAN-002

No Network Segmentation — Ransomware Propagation Path

Critical

Description

All 300 endpoints and 85 VMs reside in a flat /16 network. There are no internal firewall rules restricting east-west traffic. Simulated ransomware propagation from a single compromised workstation reached all accessible systems within 4 hours using SMB and WMI lateral movement.

Recommendation

Implement network micro-segmentation separating clinical systems, administrative workstations, and backup infrastructure. Apply host-based firewall rules blocking SMB (445) and WMI between workstations. Deploy a zero-trust network access solution for clinical device connectivity.

RAN-003

Incident Response — No Tested Playbook, Out-of-Band Communication Absent

High

Description

The organisation does not have a documented ransomware incident response playbook. Tabletop exercise revealed that in the event of email system encryption, there is no alternative communication channel for the incident response team. Key IR contacts (legal counsel, cyber insurer, law enforcement liaison) are stored only in the encrypted email system.

Recommendation

Develop and rehearse a ransomware-specific IR playbook quarterly. Establish an out-of-band communication channel (Signal group, satellite phone roster). Maintain a printed emergency contact card with IR retainer, insurer, and legal contacts.

RAN-004

RTO Gap — Backup Restoration Takes 14 Days vs 4-Day Target

High

Description

A full restoration test of the 14TB VMware environment from Veeam backups took 14 days to complete — 3.5x the stated 4-day Recovery Time Objective. This gap was unknown to the IT team as restoration tests have not been performed in over 2 years.

Recommendation

Conduct full restoration tests at least annually. Implement instant VM recovery capabilities for critical systems. Prioritise recovery runbooks by system criticality — clinical systems before administrative. Invest in higher-bandwidth backup infrastructure to meet RTO.

* Showing 4 of 29 total findings. Full report provided upon engagement.

Risk Summary

Critical3
High7
Medium10
Low6
Info3
Total Findings29

Deliverables Included

  • Ransomware kill-chain simulation report
  • Backup architecture resiliency assessment
  • RTO/RPO gap analysis
  • Incident response playbook template
  • Prioritised hardening roadmap (immediate / 30 / 90 day actions)

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